University of Gothenburg
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Baltic isopods Idotea balthica
Photo: Pierre DeWit

This is genetic biodiversity

Genetic diversity is the biological variation that occurs within species. It makes it possible for species to adapt when the environment changes. Genetic diversity is particularly important under rapid environmental change, such as in the Baltic Sea.

Genetic diversity makes it possible for species to adapt when the environment changes. Thus, large genetic diversity – a big gene pool – positively affects ecosystem resilience and function. When we drain species of their genetic diversity we destroy their adaptive potential, and their long-term survival will be jeopardised.

Illustration of biological diversity
Biological variation at the DNA-level forms the basis for all biodiversity. Colors represent alleles – variants of separate genes – genetic diversity.
Photo: Jerker Lokrantz/Azote

Keep populations large and connected

The most efficient way to counteract loss of genetic diversity is to maintain large and well connected populations. Small and isolated populations will rapidly lose genetic variation resulting in lower adaptive capacity, loss of resilience and weak potential for long-term survival.

Large and small populations
Large populations can harbour much genetic diversity (illustrated with many colours). Small populations can not do that and will rapidly loose variation.
Photo: Jerker Lokrantz/Azote
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Genes and biodiversity

How to get the data?

Conservation management of genetic diversity requires knowledge on the genetic composition of the species in question. A fist step is to collect samples from the field. 

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