Artificial intelligence in Society: Language, Knowledge, and Ethics

GU 2025/1965

All readings (chapters and extracts) will be provided during the course.

Extracts from the following will be provided as primary or supplemental reading during the course:

Gawdat, M. (2021). Scary smart: the future of Artificial Intelligence and how you can save our world. Pan Macmillan. Ch.1

Kaplan, J. (2019) Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-19-060239-0 Ch. 4

Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021, March). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big?🦜. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency (pp. 610-623).

Bender, E. You are not a parrot. New Yorker magazine 1st March 2023 https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-chatbots-emily-m-bender.html

Marcus, G. Deep Learning is hitting a wall. 10 March 2022 Nautilus https://nautil.us/deep-learning-is-hitting-a-wall-238440/

What is Artificial Intelligence? with Mike Wooldridge The Royal Institution lectures series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2JY38VShxI&ab_channel=TheRoyalInstitution

Biever, Celeste (2023): ChatGPT broke the Turing test — the race is on for new ways to assess AI. Nature 619, 686-689 (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02361-7

Benotti, Luciana, and Patrick Blackburn. 2021. "Grounding as a Collaborative Process." In Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume, 515–31. Online: Association for Computational Linguistics. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.eacl-main.41

Harnad, Stevan. 1990. “The Symbol Grounding Problem.” Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 42 (1): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(90)90087-6

Cowley, Stephen J., and Matthew I. Harvey. 2016. “The Illusion of Common Ground.” New Ideas in Psychology 42 (August): 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2015.07.004

Bender, Emily M., and Alexander Koller. 2020. “Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data.” In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Grounding ‘Grounding’ in NLP https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.375/

Sreedharan, S., Kulkarni, A., & Kambhampati, S. (2022). Explainable Human-AI Interaction: A Planning Perspective. Springer Nature. Ch. 1 (until 1.3.4).

Rudin, Cynthia. "Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead." Nature Machine Intelligence 1.5 (2019): 206-215. excl. section 5 & appendices (A-) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122117

Miller, Tim. "Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences" Artificial intelligence 267 (2019): 1-38. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370218305988

Kaplan, J. (2019) Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-19-060239-0 Ch. 2

Fagin, R., Halpern, J. Y., Moses, Y., & Vardi, M. (2004). Reasoning about knowledge. MIT Press. Ch. 1

Eric T. Olson (2019) “The Metaphysics of Artificial Intelligence” In: Mihretu P. Guta (ed) Consciousness and the Ontology of Properties
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315104706

Coeckelbergh, Mark (2020) AI Ethics MIT Press. Ch. 4 “Just machines?” Ch. 4

Danaher, J. (2020) Welcoming Robots into the Moral Circle: A Defence of Ethical Behaviourism. Sci Eng Ethics 26, 2023–2049 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00119-x

Floridi, L., & Sanders, J. W. (2004). On the morality of artificial agents. Minds and Machines, 14(3), 349–379.

Himma, K. E. (2009). Artificial agency, consciousness, and the criteria for moral agency: what proper- ties must an artificial agent have to be a moral agent? Ethics and Information Technology, 11(1), 19–29.

Johnson, D. (2006). Computer systems: Moral entities but not moral agents. Ethics and Information Technology, 8(4), 195–204.
Moor, J. (2009). Four kinds of ethical robots. Philosophy Now, 72, 12–14.

"Technological Answerability and the Severance Problem: Staying Connected by Demanding Answers": Technological Answerability (pp. 10-15) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-021-00334-5

"Responsibility Gaps and the Reactive Attitudes”: Section 5 Exempting and/or including AI (pp. 299-301) https://philarchive.org/rec/TOLRGA

"The Point of Blaming AI Systems": Section 2: Preliminaries (pp. 3-7) https://philarchive.org/rec/ALTTPO-14

Excerpt from James Barrat Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era (supplied through the student portal).

Turing, Alan M. 1996. “Intelligent Machinery, A Heretical Theory.” Philosophia Mathematica 4 (3): 256–60.

Armstrong, Stuart, Anders Sandberg, and Nick Bostrom. 2012. “Thinking Inside the Box: Controlling and Using an Oracle AI.” Minds and Machines 22 (4): 299–324

"Copyright won't solve creators' generative AI problem" by Cory Doctorow: https://pluralistic.net/2023/02/09/ai-monkeys-paw/#bullied-schoolkids

"AI Creating 'Art' Is An Ethical And Copyright Nightmare" by Luke Plunkett: https://kotaku.com/ai-art-dall-e-midjourney-stable-diffusion-copyright-1849388060