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| Authors |
P. Lindner Magnus Rizell Jan Mattsson Kristoffer Hellstrand Peter Naredi |
|---|---|
| Published in | Anticancer Res |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue | 3b |
| Pages | 1837-42 |
| ISSN | 0250-7005 (Print) |
| Publication year | 2004 |
| Published at |
Institute of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Dept of Clinical Virology |
| Pages | 1837-42 |
| Language | en |
| Keywords | Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/ therapeutic use, Female, Histamine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/blood/pharmacokinetics, Humans, Immunotherapy/ methods, Interferon Alfa-2b/administration & dosage/adverse effects, Interleukin-2/administration & dosage/adverse effects, Male, Melanoma/blood/secondary/ therapy, Middle Aged |
| Subject categories | Medical and Health Sciences |
BACKGROUND: Histamine inhibits phagocyte-derived production of reactive oxygen species and improves the anti-tumour efficiency of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in vitro and in tumour-bearing animals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a phase-II study, twenty-seven patients with stage IV melanoma received subcutanous injections of histamine dihydrochloride (histamine) 1.0 mg and IL-2 2.4 MIU/m2 twice daily (BID) days 1-5 and 8-12. IFN-alpha 3 MIU once daily was administered throughout a cycle (days 1-28; n=14). Alternatively, bolus doses of IL-2 10 MIU/m2 BID days 1 and 2 and histamine days 1-28 (n=13) were administered. The aim was to study efficiency (survival and tumour response), toxicity and histamine pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: The median survival time was 11.3 (2.5-45) months. One patient achieved a complete response and 3 patients had partial responses. The compounds were safely self-administered with low toxicity. Plasma histamine concentrations significantly increased after an injection of histamine over 10 minutes (3 +/- 1 vs. 63 +/- 27 nmol/l). CONCLUSION: Histamine, IL-2 and IFN-alpha treatment is safe, well-tolerated and tumour responses were observed. The putative efficiency of histamine as an adjunct to cytokine therapy in metastatic melanoma needs to be confirmed in later randomized trials.
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