Leif Holmlid

Professor Emeritus

Department of Chemistry & Molecular

Biology

Telephone

+46 31-786 90 76

+46 766-22 90 76

Mail

holmlid@chem.gu.se

Visiting address

Medicinaregatan 9 C

41390 Göteborg

Postal address

Box 462

40530 Göteborg

About Leif Holmlid

Research and development

We have studied Rydberg Matter formed by hydrogen atoms in detail, and discovered both dense (metallic) and ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). This latter material is the most stable material that exists in the Universe. It has bond distances in its molecules of a few picometers. Despite this, it is easy to start nuclear reactions in it by for example laser impact, and energy generation above break-even was published in 2015. The nuclear processes generate mesons (kaons and pions) and a large number of muons in each pulse. An intense muon generator working on this principle has been patented. This is the base for building reactors of the muon-catalyzed fusion type. Technical development is now done in a company which is partly owned by me and partly by GU Ventures. We plan to have the first reactor in operation in two years.

Publications

Muon-catalyzed fusion and annihilation energy generation will supersede non-sustainable T + D nuclear
fusion

Leif Holmlid
Energy, sustainability and society - 2022-01-01
Nuclear Processes in Dark Interstellar Matter of H(0) Decrease the Hope of Migrating to
Exoplanets

Leif Holmlid
space: science and technology - 2021-01-01
Production of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0): A novel nuclear
fuel

Leif Holmlid, Andrzej Kotarba, Pawel Stelmachowski
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy - 2021-01-01
Controlling the process of muon formation for muon-catalyzed fusion: method of non-destructive average muon sign
detection

Leif Holmlid
EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation - 2021-01-01
Laser-induced annihilation: Relativistic particles from ultra-dense hydrogen
H(0)

Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
High Energy Density Physics - 2021-01-01
Energy production by laser-induced annihilation in ultradense hydrogen
H(0)

Leif Holmlid
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2021-01-01
Future interstellar rockets may use laser-induced annihilation reactions for relativistic
drive

Leif Holmlid, Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen
Acta Astronautica - 2020-01-01
Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg matter: a
review

Leif Holmlid, Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen
Physica Scripta - 2019-01-01
Ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) as dark matter in the universe: new possibilities for the cosmological red-shift and the cosmic microwave background
radiation

Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2019-01-01
Decay of muons generated by laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen
H(0)

Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
Heliyon - 2019-01-01
Existing Source for Muon-Catalyzed Nuclear Fusion Can Give Megawatt Thermal Fusion
Generator

Leif Holmlid
Fusion science and technology - 2019-01-01
Laser-Induced Nuclear Processes in Ultra-Dense Hydrogen Take Place in Small Non-superfluid HN(0)
Clusters

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2019-01-01
Ultradense Hydrogen H(0) as Stable Dark Matter in the Universe: Extended Red Emission Spectra Agree with Rotational Transitions in
H(0)

Leif Holmlid
Astrophysical Journal - 2018-01-01
Rotational emission spectroscopy in ultra-dense hydrogen p(0) and p(x)D(y)(0): Groups p(N), pD(2), p(2)D and
(pD)(N)

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2018-01-01
Neutrons from Muon-Catalyzed Fusion and Muon- Capture Processes in an Ultradense Hydrogen
H(0) Generator

Leif Holmlid
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2018-01-01
Mesons from Laser-Induced Processes in Ultra-Dense Hydrogen
H(O)

Leif Holmlid
Plos One - 2017-01-01
Apparatus for generating muons with intended use in a fusion
reactor

Leif Holmlid
- 2017-01-01
The solar wind proton ejection mechanism: Experiments with ultradense hydrogen agree with observed velocity
distributions

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics - 2017-01-01
Emission spectroscopy of IR laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(0): Rotational transitions in D(0) with spin values s=2, 3 and
4

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2017-01-01
Rydberg phases of Hydrogen and low energy nuclear
reactions

Sveinn Olafsson, Leif Holmlid
APS april meeting, 2016-04-16, Salt Lake City, USA - 2016-01-01
Comment on "K. Hansen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 399-400
(2016)51"

Leif Holmlid
- 2016-01-01
Leptons from decay of mesons in the laser-induced particle pulse from ultra-dense protium
p(0)

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2016-01-01
Phase transition temperatures of 405-725 K in superfluid ultra-dense hydrogen clusters on metal
surfaces

Leif Holmlid, B. Kotzias
Aip Advances - 2016-01-01
Charged particle energy spectra from laser-induced processes: Nuclear fusion in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)

Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2016-01-01
Nuclear particle decay in a multi-MeV beam ejected by pulsed-laser impact on ultra-dense hydrogen
H(0)

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E - 2015-01-01
Emission of highly excited electronic states of potassium from cryptomelane
nanorods

P. Stelmachowski, P. Legutko, T. Jakubek, P. Indyka, Z. Sojka, Leif Holmlid, A. Kotarba
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2015-01-01
Heat generation above break-even from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense
deuterium

Leif Holmlid
AIP Advances - 2015-01-01
Muon detection studied by pulse-height energy analysis: Novel converter
arrangements

Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
Review of Scientific Instruments - 2015-01-01
Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)

Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2015-01-01
Meissner Effect in Ultra-Dense Protium p(l=0, s=2) at Room Temperature: Superconductivity in Large Clusters of Spin-Based
Matter

Leif Holmlid, S. Fuelling
Journal of Cluster Science - 2015-01-01
MeV particles in a decay chain process from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2015-01-01
Electron-positron pair production observed from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)

K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Laser and particle beams - 2014-01-01
Time-of-flight of He ions from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)

K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2014-01-01
Intense ionizing radiation from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)

K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2014-01-01
Ultra-Dense Hydrogen H(-1) as the Cause of Instabilities in Laser Compression-Based Nuclear
Fusion

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2014-01-01
TWO-COLLECTOR TIMING OF 3 14 MeV/u PARTICLES FROM LASER-INDUCED PROCESSES IN ULTRA-DENSE
DEUTERIUM

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E - 2013-01-01
Direct observation of particles with energy >10 MeV/u from laser-induced processes with energy gain in ultra-dense
deuterium

Leif Holmlid
Laser and particle beams - 2013-01-01
Excitation levels in ultra-dense hydrogen p(-1) and d(-1) clusters: Structure of spin-based Rydberg
Matter

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2013-01-01
Laser-mass spectrometry study of ultra-dense protium p(-1) with variable time-of-flight energy and flight
length

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2013-01-01
Laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense deuterium D(-1): Optimizing MeV particle emission by carrier material
selection

Leif Holmlid
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms - 2013-01-01
Omöjlig
vinst

Leif Holmlid
Forskning & Framsteg - 2012-01-01
Cluster ions DN + ejected from dense and ultra-dense deuterium by Coulomb explosions: Fragment rotation and D+ backscattering from ultra-dense clusters in the surface
phase

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2012-01-01
Fast atoms and negative chain-cluster fragments from laser-induced Coulomb explosions in a super-fluid film of ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physica Scripta - 2012-01-01
Superfluid ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) on polymer surfaces: Structure and density changes at a polymer-metal
boundary

K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Applied Physics - 2012-01-01
Search for Superconductivity in Ultra-dense Deuterium D(-1) at Room Temperature: Depletion of D(-1) at Field Strength > 0.05
T

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid, S. Fuelling
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - 2012-01-01
Large intensities of MeV particles and strong charge ejections from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense
deuterium

K. Frans G. Olofson, Andreas Ehn, Joakim Bood, Leif Holmlid
39th EPS Conference & 16th Int. Congress on Plasma Physics - 2012-01-01
Fusion Generated Fast Particles by Laser Impact on Ultra-Dense Deuterium: Rapid Variation with Laser
Intensity

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2012-01-01
Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme
Forms

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2012-01-01
Deuterium Clusters DN and Mixed K–D and D–H Clusters of Rydberg Matter: High Temperatures and Strong Coupling to Ultra-Dense
Deuterium

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2012-01-01
MeV particles from laser-initiated processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(−1)

Leif Holmlid
European Physical Journal A - 2012-01-01
Detection of MeV particles from ultra-dense protium p(-1): Laser-initiated self-compression from
p(1)

K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B - 2012-01-01
Potassium stabilization in β-K2Fe22O34 by Cr and Ce doping studied by field reversal
method

M. Trebala, W. Bieniasz, Leif Holmlid, M. Molenda, Andrzej Kotarba
Solid State Ionics - 2011-01-01
Superfluid ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) at room
temperature

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2011-01-01
Efficient source for the production of ultradense deuterium D(-1) for laser-induced fusion
(ICF)

Patrik U Andersson, Benny Lönn, Leif Holmlid
Review of Scientific Instruments - 2011-01-01
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIB): co-planar doubly excited He and metal atoms embedded in Rydberg
Matter

Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2011-01-01
Sub-nanometer distances and cluster shapes in dense hydrogen and in higher levels of hydrogen Rydberg matter by phase-delay
spectroscopy

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Nanoparticle Research - 2011-01-01
High-charge Coulomb explosions of clusters in ultra-dense deuterium
D(−1)

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2011-01-01
Large ion clusters HN + of Rydberg Matter: Stacks of planar clusters
H7

Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2011-01-01
Rydberg Matter clusters of alkali metal atoms: the link between meteoritic matter, polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), sporadic sodium layers, polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs, NLCs), and ion chemistry in the
mesosphere

K. Frans G. Olofson, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
arXiv:1002.1570v1[astro-ph.EP] - 2010-01-01
Nanometer interatomic distances in Rydberg Matter clusters confirmed by phase-delay
spectroscopy

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Nanoparticle Research - 2010-01-01
Production of ultradense deuterium: A compact future fusion
fuel

Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics Letters - 2010-01-01
Laser-driven nuclear fusion D+D in ultra-dense deuterium: MeV particles formed without
ignition

Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Laser and Particle Beams - 2010-01-01
Laser-induced variable pulse-power TOF-MS and neutral time-of-flight studies of ultradense
deuterium

Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physica Scripta - 2010-01-01
Deuteron energy of 15 MK in ultra-dense deuterium without plasma formation: Temperature of the interior of the
Sun

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2010-01-01
Common Forms of Alkali Metals—New Rydberg Matter Clusters of Potassium and
Hydrogen

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2010-01-01
High-energy Coulomb explosions in ultra-dense deuterium: Time-of-flight-mass spectrometry with variable energy and flight
length

Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2009-01-01
Fusion reactions in high-density hydrogen: A fast route to small-scale
fusion?

Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy - 2009-01-01
Energy-pooling transitions to doubly excited K atoms at a promoted iron-oxide catalyst surface: more than 30 eV available for
reaction

A. Kotarba, Leif Holmlid
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2009-01-01
Ultrahigh-density deuterium of Rydberg matter clusters for inertial confinement fusion
targets

Leif Holmlid, Heinrich Hora, G. Miley, X. Yang
Laser and Particle Beams - 2009-01-01
Ultra-dense deuterium: A possible nuclear fuel for inertial confinement fusion
(ICF)

Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2009-01-01
Light in Condensed Matter in the Upper Atmosphere as the Origin of Homochirality: Circularly Polarized Light from Rydberg
Matter

Leif Holmlid
Astrobiology - 2009-01-01
Nuclear spin transitions in the kHz range in Rydberg matter clusters give precise values of the internal magnetic field from orbiting Rydberg
electrons

Leif Holmlid
Chemical Physics - 2009-01-01
The diffuse interstellar band carriers in interstellar space: all intense bands calculated from He doubly excited states embedded in Rydberg
Matter

Leif Holmlid
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - 2008-01-01
Condensed Atomic Hydrogen as a Possible Target in Inertial Confinement Fusion
(ICF)

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2008-01-01
Clusters (N = 4, 6, 12) from condensed atomic hydrogen and deuterium indicating close-packed structures in the desorbed phase at an active catalyst
surface

Leif Holmlid
Surface Science - 2008-01-01
Vibrational transitions in Rydberg matter clusters from stimulated Raman and Rabi-flopping phase delay in the
infrared

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy - 2008-01-01
Rotational spectra of large Rydberg Matter clusters K37, K61 and K91 give trends in K–K bond distances relative to electron orbit
radius

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2008-01-01
Confocal laser microspectroscopic Rabi-flopping study of an iron oxide emitter surface used for Rydberg matter
generation.

Theodor Alpermann, Leif Holmlid
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy - 2007-01-01
Compact and
bijou

Leif Holmlid
CHEMISTRY WORLD - 2007-01-01
Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters K-19 in excitation levels n=4, 5 and 6 from rotational radio-frequency emission
spectra

Leif Holmlid
Molecular Physics - 2007-01-01
Electronic transitions in Rydberg Matter as the source of the unidentified infrared bands (UIR) observed in interstellar
space

Leif Holmlid
arXiv.org Astrophysixs - 2007-01-01
Stimulated emission spectroscopy of Rydberg matter: observation of Rydberg orbits in the core
ions

Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2007-01-01
Direct observation of circular Rydberg electrons in a Rydberg matter surface layer by electronic circular
dichroism

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter - 2007-01-01
Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters K (N) (N=19, 37, 61 and 91) in excitation levels n=4-8 from rotation radio-frequency emission
spectra

Leif Holmlid
arXiv.org 06-07-23 - 2006-01-01
Angular variation of time-of-flight of neutral clusters released from Rydberg Matter: Primary and secondary Coulomb explosion
processes

Haideh Åkesson, Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Chemical Physics - 2006-01-01
The alkali metal atmospheres on the Moon and Mercury: Explaining the stable exospheres by heavy Rydberg Matter
clusters

Leif Holmlid
Planetary and Space Science - 2006-01-01
Rydberg Matter as the dust atmosphere in comets: Spectroscopic and polarization
signatures

Leif Holmlid
Icarus - 2006-01-01
Amplification by stimulated emission in Rydberg Matter clusters as the source of intense maser lines in interstellar
space

Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2006-01-01
Experimental studies of fast fragments of H Rydberg
matter

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics - 2006-01-01
Redshifts in space caused by stimulated Raman scattering in cold intergalactic Rydberg matter with experimental
verification

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - 2005-01-01
The Rydberg matter laser: excitation, delays and mode effects in the laser cavity
medium

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2005-01-01
Laser initiated detonation in Rydberg matter with a fast propagating shock wave, releasing protons with keV kinetic
energy

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2005-01-01
Atomic hydrogen in condensed form produced by a catalytic process: A future energy-rich
fuel?

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Energy & Fuels - 2005-01-01
Optical stimulated emission transitions in Rydberg matter observed in the range 800-14000
nm

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics - 2004-01-01
Interaction between infrared laser modes in Rydberg Matter: redshifted modes in reflection and blueshifted in
transmission

Leif Holmlid
European Physical Journal-Applied Physics - 2004-01-01
Rydberg Matter as the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) carrier in interstellar space: the model and accurate calculations of band
centres

Leif Holmlid
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2004-01-01
Lowest state n=1 of H atom Rydberg matter: many eV energy release in Coulomb
explosions

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2004-01-01
Quantized redshifts of galaxies: Stimulated Raman scattering in cold intergalactic Rydberg Matter (vol 291, pg 99,
2004)

Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2004-01-01
Detection of frequency red shifts and blue shifts for single-mode IR laser radiation in Rydberg
matter

Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2004-01-01
Experimental observation of an atomic hydrogen material with H-H bond distance of 150 pm suggesting metallic
hydrogen

Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter - 2004-01-01
Phase-delay rabi-flopping spectroscopy: A method sensitive to rydberg species at
surfaces

Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physical Chemistry A - 2004-01-01