Leif Holmlid
Professor Emeritus
Department of Chemistry & MolecularAbout Leif Holmlid
Research and development
We have studied Rydberg Matter formed by hydrogen atoms in detail, and discovered both dense (metallic) and ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). This material is the most stable material that exists and has bond distances in its molecules of a few picometers. Despite this, it is easy to start nuclear reactions in it by for example laser impact, and energy generation above break-even was published several years ago. The nuclear processes generate mesons (kaons and pions) and a large number of muons in each pulse. An intense muon generator working on this principle has been patented. This is the base for building fusion reactors of the muon-catalyzed fusion type. This work is now performed in a company which is partly owned by me and partly by GU Ventures. This company has recently merged with a company in Norway. We plan to have the first such fusion reactor in operation in two years. This will be the first commercial fusion reactor in the world.
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Energy production by laser-induced annihilation in ultradense hydrogen
H(0)
Leif Holmlid
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2021-01-01 -
Future interstellar rockets may use laser-induced annihilation reactions for relativistic
drive
Leif Holmlid, Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen
Acta Astronautica - 2020-01-01 -
Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg matter: a
review
Leif Holmlid, Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen
Physica Scripta - 2019-01-01 -
Ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) as dark matter in the universe: new possibilities for the cosmological red-shift and the cosmic microwave background
radiation
Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2019-01-01 -
Decay of muons generated by laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen
H(0)
Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
Heliyon - 2019-01-01 -
Existing Source for Muon-Catalyzed Nuclear Fusion
Can Give Megawatt Thermal Fusion
Generator
Leif Holmlid
Fusion science and technology - 2019-01-01 -
Laser-Induced Nuclear Processes in Ultra-Dense Hydrogen Take Place
in Small Non-superfluid HN(0)
Clusters
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2019-01-01 -
Ultradense Hydrogen H(0) as Stable Dark Matter in the Universe: Extended Red Emission Spectra Agree with Rotational Transitions in
H(0)
Leif Holmlid
Astrophysical Journal - 2018-01-01 -
Rotational emission spectroscopy in ultra-dense hydrogen p(0) and p(x)D(y)(0): Groups p(N), pD(2), p(2)D and
(pD)(N)
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2018-01-01 -
Neutrons from Muon-Catalyzed Fusion and Muon-
Capture Processes in an Ultradense Hydrogen
H(0) Generator
Leif Holmlid
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2018-01-01 -
Mesons from Laser-Induced Processes in Ultra-Dense Hydrogen
H(O)
Leif Holmlid
Plos One - 2017-01-01 -
Apparatus for generating muons with intended use in a fusion
reactor
Leif Holmlid
- 2017-01-01 -
The solar wind proton ejection mechanism: Experiments with ultradense hydrogen agree with observed velocity
distributions
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics - 2017-01-01 -
Emission spectroscopy of IR laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(0): Rotational transitions in D(0) with spin values s=2, 3 and
4
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2017-01-01 -
Rydberg phases of Hydrogen and low energy nuclear
reactions
Sveinn Olafsson, Leif Holmlid
APS april meeting, 2016-04-16, Salt Lake City, USA - 2016-01-01 -
Comment on "K. Hansen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 399-400
(2016)51"
Leif Holmlid
- 2016-01-01 -
Leptons from decay of mesons in the laser-induced particle pulse from ultra-dense protium
p(0)
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2016-01-01 -
Phase transition temperatures of 405-725 K in superfluid ultra-dense hydrogen clusters on metal
surfaces
Leif Holmlid, B. Kotzias
Aip Advances - 2016-01-01 -
Charged particle energy spectra from laser-induced processes: Nuclear fusion in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)
Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2016-01-01 -
Nuclear particle decay in a multi-MeV beam ejected by pulsed-laser impact on ultra-dense hydrogen
H(0)
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E - 2015-01-01 -
Emission of highly excited electronic states of potassium from cryptomelane
nanorods
P. Stelmachowski, P. Legutko, T. Jakubek, P. Indyka, Z. Sojka, Leif Holmlid, A. Kotarba
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2015-01-01 -
Heat generation above break-even from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense
deuterium
Leif Holmlid
AIP Advances - 2015-01-01 -
Muon detection studied by pulse-height energy analysis: Novel converter
arrangements
Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
Review of Scientific Instruments - 2015-01-01 -
Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)
Leif Holmlid, Sveinn Olafsson
International journal of hydrogen energy - 2015-01-01 -
Meissner Effect in Ultra-Dense Protium p(l=0, s=2) at Room Temperature: Superconductivity in Large Clusters of Spin-Based
Matter
Leif Holmlid, S. Fuelling
Journal of Cluster Science - 2015-01-01 -
MeV particles in a decay chain process from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2015-01-01 -
Electron-positron pair production observed from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)
K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Laser and particle beams - 2014-01-01 -
Time-of-flight of He ions from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(0)
K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2014-01-01 -
Intense ionizing radiation from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)
K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics - 2014-01-01 -
Ultra-Dense Hydrogen H(-1) as the Cause of Instabilities in Laser Compression-Based Nuclear
Fusion
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2014-01-01 -
TWO-COLLECTOR TIMING OF 3 14 MeV/u PARTICLES FROM LASER-INDUCED PROCESSES IN ULTRA-DENSE
DEUTERIUM
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Modern Physics E - 2013-01-01 -
Direct observation of particles with energy >10 MeV/u from laser-induced processes with energy gain in ultra-dense
deuterium
Leif Holmlid
Laser and particle beams - 2013-01-01 -
Excitation levels in ultra-dense hydrogen p(-1) and d(-1) clusters: Structure of spin-based Rydberg
Matter
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2013-01-01 -
Laser-mass spectrometry study of ultra-dense protium p(-1) with variable time-of-flight energy and flight
length
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2013-01-01 -
Laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense deuterium D(-1): Optimizing MeV particle emission by carrier material
selection
Leif Holmlid
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms - 2013-01-01 -
Omöjlig
vinst
Leif Holmlid
Forskning & Framsteg - 2012-01-01 -
Cluster ions DN + ejected from dense and ultra-dense deuterium by Coulomb explosions: Fragment rotation and D+ backscattering from ultra-dense clusters in the surface
phase
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2012-01-01 -
Fast atoms and negative chain-cluster fragments from laser-induced Coulomb explosions in a super-fluid film of ultra-dense deuterium
D(-1)
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physica Scripta - 2012-01-01 -
Superfluid ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) on polymer surfaces: Structure and density changes at a polymer-metal
boundary
K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Applied Physics - 2012-01-01 -
Search for Superconductivity in Ultra-dense Deuterium D(-1) at Room Temperature: Depletion of D(-1) at Field Strength > 0.05
T
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid, S. Fuelling
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - 2012-01-01 -
Large intensities of MeV particles and strong charge ejections from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense
deuterium
K. Frans G. Olofson, Andreas Ehn, Joakim Bood, Leif Holmlid
39th EPS Conference & 16th Int. Congress on Plasma Physics - 2012-01-01 -
Fusion Generated Fast Particles by Laser Impact on Ultra-Dense Deuterium: Rapid Variation with Laser
Intensity
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2012-01-01 -
Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme
Forms
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2012-01-01 -
Deuterium Clusters DN and Mixed K–D and D–H Clusters of Rydberg Matter: High Temperatures and Strong Coupling to Ultra-Dense
Deuterium
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2012-01-01 -
MeV particles from laser-initiated processes in ultra-dense deuterium
D(−1)
Leif Holmlid
European Physical Journal A - 2012-01-01 -
Detection of MeV particles from ultra-dense protium p(-1): Laser-initiated self-compression from
p(1)
K. Frans G. Olofson, Leif Holmlid
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B - 2012-01-01 -
Potassium stabilization in β-K2Fe22O34 by Cr and Ce doping studied by field reversal
method
M. Trebala, W. Bieniasz, Leif Holmlid, M. Molenda, Andrzej Kotarba
Solid State Ionics - 2011-01-01 -
Superfluid ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) at room
temperature
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2011-01-01 -
Efficient source for the production of ultradense deuterium D(-1) for laser-induced fusion
(ICF)
Patrik U Andersson, Benny Lönn, Leif Holmlid
Review of Scientific Instruments - 2011-01-01 -
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIB): co-planar doubly excited He and metal atoms embedded in Rydberg
Matter
Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2011-01-01 -
Sub-nanometer distances and cluster shapes in dense hydrogen and in higher levels of hydrogen Rydberg matter by phase-delay
spectroscopy
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Nanoparticle Research - 2011-01-01 -
High-charge Coulomb explosions of clusters in ultra-dense deuterium
D(−1)
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2011-01-01 -
Large ion clusters HN + of Rydberg Matter: Stacks of planar clusters
H7
Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2011-01-01 -
Rydberg Matter clusters of alkali metal atoms: the link between meteoritic matter, polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), sporadic sodium layers, polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs, NLCs), and ion chemistry in the
mesosphere
K. Frans G. Olofson, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
arXiv:1002.1570v1[astro-ph.EP] - 2010-01-01 -
Nanometer interatomic distances in Rydberg Matter clusters confirmed by phase-delay
spectroscopy
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Nanoparticle Research - 2010-01-01 -
Production of ultradense deuterium: A compact future fusion
fuel
Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics Letters - 2010-01-01 -
Laser-driven nuclear fusion D+D in ultra-dense deuterium: MeV particles formed without
ignition
Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Laser and Particle Beams - 2010-01-01 -
Laser-induced variable pulse-power TOF-MS and neutral time-of-flight studies of ultradense
deuterium
Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physica Scripta - 2010-01-01 -
Deuteron energy of 15 MK in ultra-dense deuterium without plasma formation: Temperature of the interior of the
Sun
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2010-01-01 -
Common Forms of Alkali Metals—New Rydberg Matter Clusters of Potassium and
Hydrogen
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Cluster Science - 2010-01-01 -
High-energy Coulomb explosions in ultra-dense deuterium: Time-of-flight-mass spectrometry with variable energy and flight
length
Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry - 2009-01-01 -
Fusion reactions in high-density hydrogen: A fast route to small-scale
fusion?
Shahriar Badiei, Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy - 2009-01-01 -
Energy-pooling transitions to doubly excited K atoms at a promoted iron-oxide catalyst surface: more than 30 eV available for
reaction
A. Kotarba, Leif Holmlid
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2009-01-01 -
Ultrahigh-density deuterium of Rydberg matter clusters for inertial confinement fusion
targets
Leif Holmlid, Heinrich Hora, G. Miley, X. Yang
Laser and Particle Beams - 2009-01-01 -
Ultra-dense deuterium: A possible nuclear fuel for inertial confinement fusion
(ICF)
Patrik U Andersson, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2009-01-01 -
Light in Condensed Matter in the Upper Atmosphere as the Origin of Homochirality: Circularly Polarized Light from Rydberg
Matter
Leif Holmlid
Astrobiology - 2009-01-01 -
Nuclear spin transitions in the kHz range in Rydberg matter clusters give precise values of the internal magnetic field from orbiting Rydberg
electrons
Leif Holmlid
Chemical Physics - 2009-01-01 -
The diffuse interstellar band carriers in interstellar space: all intense bands calculated from He doubly excited states embedded in Rydberg
Matter
Leif Holmlid
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - 2008-01-01 -
Condensed Atomic Hydrogen as a Possible Target in Inertial Confinement Fusion
(ICF)
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Fusion Energy - 2008-01-01 -
Clusters (N = 4, 6, 12) from condensed atomic hydrogen and deuterium indicating close-packed structures in the desorbed phase at an active catalyst
surface
Leif Holmlid
Surface Science - 2008-01-01 -
Vibrational transitions in Rydberg matter clusters from stimulated Raman and Rabi-flopping phase delay in the
infrared
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy - 2008-01-01 -
Rotational spectra of large Rydberg Matter clusters K37, K61 and K91 give trends in K–K bond distances relative to electron orbit
radius
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Molecular Structure - 2008-01-01 -
Confocal laser microspectroscopic Rabi-flopping study of an iron oxide emitter surface used for Rydberg matter
generation.
Theodor Alpermann, Leif Holmlid
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy - 2007-01-01 -
Compact and
bijou
Leif Holmlid
CHEMISTRY WORLD - 2007-01-01 -
Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters K-19 in excitation levels n=4, 5 and 6 from rotational radio-frequency emission
spectra
Leif Holmlid
Molecular Physics - 2007-01-01 -
Electronic transitions in Rydberg Matter as the source of the unidentified infrared bands (UIR) observed in interstellar
space
Leif Holmlid
arXiv.org Astrophysixs - 2007-01-01 -
Stimulated emission spectroscopy of Rydberg matter: observation of Rydberg orbits in the core
ions
Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2007-01-01 -
Direct observation of circular Rydberg electrons in a Rydberg matter surface layer by electronic circular
dichroism
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter - 2007-01-01 -
Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters K (N) (N=19, 37, 61 and 91) in excitation levels n=4-8 from rotation radio-frequency emission
spectra
Leif Holmlid
arXiv.org 06-07-23 - 2006-01-01 -
Angular variation of time-of-flight of neutral clusters released from Rydberg Matter: Primary and secondary Coulomb explosion
processes
Haideh Åkesson, Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Chemical Physics - 2006-01-01 -
The alkali metal atmospheres on the Moon and Mercury: Explaining the stable exospheres by heavy Rydberg Matter
clusters
Leif Holmlid
Planetary and Space Science - 2006-01-01 -
Rydberg Matter as the dust atmosphere in comets: Spectroscopic and polarization
signatures
Leif Holmlid
Icarus - 2006-01-01 -
Amplification by stimulated emission in Rydberg Matter clusters as the source of intense maser lines in interstellar
space
Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2006-01-01 -
Experimental studies of fast fragments of H Rydberg
matter
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics - 2006-01-01 -
Redshifts in space caused by stimulated Raman scattering in cold intergalactic Rydberg matter with experimental
verification
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - 2005-01-01 -
The Rydberg matter laser: excitation, delays and mode effects in the laser cavity
medium
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2005-01-01 -
Laser initiated detonation in Rydberg matter with a fast propagating shock wave, releasing protons with keV kinetic
energy
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2005-01-01 -
Atomic hydrogen in condensed form produced by a catalytic process: A future energy-rich
fuel?
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Energy & Fuels - 2005-01-01 -
Optical stimulated emission transitions in Rydberg matter observed in the range 800-14000
nm
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics - 2004-01-01 -
Interaction between infrared laser modes in Rydberg Matter: redshifted modes in reflection and blueshifted in
transmission
Leif Holmlid
European Physical Journal-Applied Physics - 2004-01-01 -
Rydberg Matter as the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) carrier in interstellar space: the model and accurate calculations of band
centres
Leif Holmlid
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - 2004-01-01 -
Lowest state n=1 of H atom Rydberg matter: many eV energy release in Coulomb
explosions
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Physics Letters A - 2004-01-01 -
Quantized redshifts of galaxies: Stimulated Raman scattering in cold intergalactic Rydberg Matter (vol 291, pg 99,
2004)
Leif Holmlid
Astrophysics and Space Science - 2004-01-01 -
Detection of frequency red shifts and blue shifts for single-mode IR laser radiation in Rydberg
matter
Leif Holmlid
Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics - 2004-01-01 -
Experimental observation of an atomic hydrogen material with H-H bond distance of 150 pm suggesting metallic
hydrogen
Shahriar Badiei, Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter - 2004-01-01 -
Phase-delay rabi-flopping spectroscopy: A method sensitive to rydberg species at
surfaces
Leif Holmlid
Journal of Physical Chemistry A - 2004-01-01